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    CSS Notes for Professionals book

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    Amazing collection of free programming books

    The Notes for Professionals book is compiled from Stack Overflow Documentation, the content is written by the beautiful people at Stack Overflow. Text content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA. See credits at the end of this book whom contributed to the various chapters. Images may be copyright of their respective owners unless otherwise specified

    Book created for educational purposes and is not affiliated with group(s), company(s) nor Stack Overflow. All trademarks belong to their respective company owners

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    Content

    1-1Content list
    1-2About
    1-3Chapter 1: Getting started with CSS
    1-4Section 1.1: External Stylesheet
    1-5Section 1.2: Internal Styles
    1-6Section 1.3: CSS @import rule (one of CSS at-rule)
    1-7Section 1.4: Inline Styles
    1-8Section 1.5: Changing CSS with JavaScript
    1-9Section 1.6: Styling Lists with CSS
    1-10Chapter 2: Structure and Formatting of a CSS Rule
    1-11Section 2.1: Property Lists
    1-12Section 2.2: Multiple Selectors
    1-13Section 2.3: Rules, Selectors, and Declaration Blocks
    1-14Chapter 3: Comments
    1-15Section 3.1: Single Line
    1-16Section 3.2: Multiple Line
    1-17Chapter 4: Selectors
    1-18Section 4.1: Basic selectors
    1-19Section 4.2: Attribute Selectors
    1-20Section 4.3: Combinators
    1-21Section 4.4: Pseudo-classes
    1-22Section 4.5: Child Pseudo Class
    1-23Section 4.6: Class Name Selectors
    1-24Section 4.7: Select element using its ID without the high specificity of the ID selector
    1-25Section 4.8: The :last-of-type selector
    1-26Section 4.9: CSS3 :in-range selector example
    1-27Section 4.10: A. The :not pseudo-class example & B. :focus-within CSS pseudo-class
    1-28Section 4.11: Global boolean with checkbox:checked and ~ (general sibling combinator)
    1-29Section 4.12: ID selectors
    1-30Section 4.13: How to style a Range input
    1-31Section 4.14: The :only-child pseudo-class selector example
    1-32Chapter 5: Backgrounds
    1-33Section 5.1: Background Color
    1-34Section 5.2: Background Gradients
    1-35Section 5.3: Background Image
    1-36Section 5.4: Background Shorthand
    1-37Section 5.5: Background Size
    1-38Section 5.6: Background Position
    1-39Section 5.7: The background-origin property
    1-40Section 5.8: Multiple Background Image
    1-41Section 5.9: Background Attachment
    1-42Section 5.10: Background Clip
    1-43Section 5.11: Background Repeat
    1-44Section 5.12: background-blend-mode Property
    1-45Section 5.13: Background Color with Opacity
    1-46Chapter 6: Centering
    1-47Section 6.1: Using Flexbox
    1-48Section 6.2: Using CSS transform
    1-49Section 6.3: Using margin: 0 auto;
    1-50Section 6.4: Using text-align
    1-51Section 6.5: Using position: absolute
    1-52Section 6.6: Using calc()
    1-53Section 6.7: Using line-height
    1-54Section 6.8: Vertical align anything with 3 lines of code
    1-55Section 6.9: Centering in relation to another item
    1-56Section 6.10: Ghost element technique (Michał Czernow's hack)
    1-57Section 6.11: Centering vertically and horizontally without worrying about height or width
    1-58Section 6.12: Vertically align an image inside div
    1-59Section 6.13: Centering with fixed size
    1-60Section 6.14: Vertically align dynamic height elements
    1-61Section 6.15: Horizontal and Vertical centering using table layout
    1-62Chapter 7: The Box Model
    1-63Section 7.1: What is the Box Model?
    1-64Section 7.2: box-sizing
    1-65Chapter 8: Margins
    1-66Section 8.1: Margin Collapsing
    1-67Section 8.2: Apply Margin on a Given Side
    1-68Section 8.3: Margin property simplification
    1-69Section 8.4: Horizontally center elements on a page using margin
    1-70Section 8.5: Example 1:
    1-71Section 8.6: Negative margins
    1-72Chapter 9: Padding
    1-73Section 9.1: Padding Shorthand
    1-74Section 9.2: Padding on a given side
    1-75Chapter 10: Border
    1-76Section 10.1: border-radius
    1-77Section 10.2: border-style
    1-78Section 10.3: Multiple Borders
    1-79Section 10.4: border (shorthands)
    1-80Section 10.5: border-collapse
    1-81Section 10.6: border-image
    1-82Section 10.7: Creating a multi-colored border using border-image
    1-83Section 10.8: border-[left|right|top|bottom]
    1-84Chapter 11: Outlines
    1-85Section 11.1: Overview
    1-86Section 11.2: outline-style
    1-87Chapter 12: Overflow
    1-88Section 12.1: overflow-wrap
    1-89Section 12.2: overflow-x and overflow-y
    1-90Section 12.3: overflow: scroll
    1-91Section 12.4: overflow: visible
    1-92Section 12.5: Block Formatting Context Created with Overflow
    1-93Chapter 13: Media Queries
    1-94Section 13.1: Terminology and Structure
    1-95Section 13.2: Basic Example
    1-96Section 13.3: mediatype
    1-97Section 13.4: Media Queries for Retina and Non Retina Screens
    1-98Section 13.5: Width vs Viewport
    1-99Section 13.6: Using Media Queries to Target Dierent Screen Sizes
    1-100Section 13.7: Use on link tag
    1-101Section 13.8: Media queries and IE8
    1-102Chapter 14: Floats
    1-103Section 14.1: Float an Image Within Text
    1-104Section 14.2: clear property
    1-105Section 14.3: Clearfix
    1-106Section 14.4: In-line DIV using float
    1-107Section 14.5: Use of overflow property to clear floats
    1-108Section 14.6: Simple Two Fixed-Width Column Layout
    1-109Section 14.7: Simple Three Fixed-Width Column Layout
    1-110Section 14.8: Two-Column Lazy/Greedy Layout
    1-111Chapter 15: Typography
    1-112Section 15.1: The Font Shorthand
    1-113Section 15.2: Quotes
    1-114Section 15.3: Font Size
    1-115Section 15.4: Text Direction
    1-116Section 15.5: Font Stacks
    1-117Section 15.6: Text Overflow
    1-118Section 15.7: Text Shadow
    1-119Section 15.8: Text Transform
    1-120Section 15.9: Letter Spacing
    1-121Section 15.10: Text Indent
    1-122Section 15.11: Text Decoration
    1-123Section 15.12: Word Spacing
    1-124Section 15.13: Font Variant
    1-125Chapter 16: Flexible Box Layout (Flexbox)
    1-126Section 16.1: Dynamic Vertical and Horizontal Centering (align-items, justify-content)
    1-127Section 16.2: Sticky Variable-Height Footer
    1-128Section 16.3: Optimally fit elements to their container
    1-129Section 16.4: Holy Grail Layout using Flexbox
    1-130Section 16.5: Perfectly aligned buttons inside cards with flexbox
    1-131Section 16.6: Same height on nested containers
    1-132Chapter 17: Cascading and Specificity
    1-133Section 17.1: Calculating Selector Specificity
    1-134Section 17.2: The !important declaration
    1-135Section 17.3: Cascading
    1-136Section 17.4: More complex specificity example
    1-137Chapter 18: Colors
    1-138Section 18.1: currentColor
    1-139Section 18.2: Color Keywords
    1-140Section 18.3: Hexadecimal Value
    1-141Section 18.4: rgb() Notation
    1-142Section 18.5: rgba() Notation
    1-143Section 18.6: hsl() Notation
    1-144Section 18.7: hsla() Notation
    1-145Chapter 19: Opacity
    1-146Section 19.1: Opacity Property
    1-147Section 19.2: IE Compatibility for `opacity`
    1-148Chapter 20: Length Units
    1-149Section 20.1: Creating scalable elements using rems and ems
    1-150Section 20.2: Font size with rem
    1-151Section 20.3: vmin and vmax
    1-152Section 20.4: vh and vw
    1-153Section 20.5: using percent %
    1-154Chapter 21: Pseudo-Elements
    1-155Section 21.1: Pseudo-Elements
    1-156Section 21.2: Pseudo-Elements in Lists
    1-157Chapter 22: Positioning
    1-158Section 22.1: Overlapping Elements with z-index
    1-159Section 22.2: Absolute Position
    1-160Section 22.3: Fixed position
    1-161Section 22.4: Relative Position
    1-162Section 22.5: Static positioning
    1-163Chapter 23: Layout Control
    1-164Section 23.1: The display property
    1-165Section 23.2: To get old table structure using div
    1-166Chapter 24: Grid
    1-167Section 24.1: Basic Example
    1-168Chapter 25: Tables
    1-169Section 25.1: table-layout
    1-170Section 25.2: empty-cells
    1-171Section 25.3: border-collapse
    1-172Section 25.4: border-spacing
    1-173Section 25.5: caption-side
    1-174Chapter 26: Transitions
    1-175Section 26.1: Transition shorthand
    1-176Section 26.2: cubic-bezier
    1-177Section 26.3: Transition (longhand)
    1-178Chapter 27: Animations
    1-179Section 27.1: Animations with keyframes
    1-180Section 27.2: Animations with the transition property
    1-181Section 27.3: Syntax Examples
    1-182Section 27.4: Increasing Animation Performance Using the `will-change` Attribute
    1-183Chapter 28: 2D Transforms
    1-184Section 28.1: Rotate
    1-185Section 28.2: Scale
    1-186Section 28.3: Skew
    1-187Section 28.4: Multiple transforms
    1-188Section 28.5: Translate
    1-189Section 28.6: Transform Origin
    1-190Chapter 29: 3D Transforms
    1-191Section 29.1: Compass pointer or needle shape using 3D transforms
    1-192Section 29.2: 3D text eect with shadow
    1-193Section 29.3: backface-visibility
    1-194Section 29.4: 3D cube
    1-195Chapter 30: Filter Property
    1-196Section 30.1: Blur
    1-197Section 30.2: Drop Shadow (use box-shadow instead if possible)
    1-198Section 30.3: Hue Rotate
    1-199Section 30.4: Multiple Filter Values
    1-200Section 30.5: Invert Color
    1-201Chapter 31: Cursor Styling
    1-202Section 31.1: Changing cursor type
    1-203Section 31.2: pointer-events
    1-204Section 31.3: caret-color
    1-205Chapter 32: box-shadow
    1-206Section 32.1: bottom-only drop shadow using a pseudo-element
    1-207Section 32.2: drop shadow
    1-208Section 32.3: inner drop shadow
    1-209Section 32.4: multiple shadows
    1-210Chapter 33: Shapes for Floats
    1-211Section 33.1: Shape Outside with Basic Shape – circle()
    1-212Section 33.2: Shape margin
    1-213Chapter 34: List Styles
    1-214Section 34.1: Bullet Position
    1-215Section 34.2: Removing Bullets / Numbers
    1-216Section 34.3: Type of Bullet or Numbering
    1-217Chapter 35: Counters
    1-218Section 35.1: Applying roman numerals styling to the counter output
    1-219Section 35.2: Number each item using CSS Counter
    1-220Section 35.3: Implementing multi-level numbering using CSS counters
    1-221Chapter 36: Functions
    1-222Section 36.1: calc() function
    1-223Section 36.2: attr() function
    1-224Section 36.3: var() function
    1-225Section 36.4: radial-gradient() function
    1-226Section 36.5: linear-gradient() function
    1-227Chapter 37: Custom Properties (Variables)
    1-228Section 37.1: Variable Color
    1-229Section 37.2: Variable Dimensions
    1-230Section 37.3: Variable Cascading
    1-231Section 37.4: Valid/Invalids
    1-232Section 37.5: With media queries
    1-233Chapter 38: Single Element Shapes
    1-234Section 38.1: Trapezoid
    1-235Section 38.2: Triangles
    1-236Section 38.3: Circles and Ellipses
    1-237Section 38.4: Bursts
    1-238Section 38.5: Square
    1-239Section 38.6: Cube
    1-240Section 38.7: Pyramid
    1-241Chapter 39: Columns
    1-242Section 39.1: Simple Example (column-count)
    1-243Section 39.2: Column Width
    1-244Chapter 40: Multiple columns
    1-245Section 40.1: Create Multiple Columns
    1-246Section 40.2: Basic example
    1-247Chapter 41: Inline-Block Layout
    1-248Section 41.1: Justified navigation bar
    1-249Chapter 42: Inheritance
    1-250Section 42.1: Automatic inheritance
    1-251Section 42.2: Enforced inheritance
    1-252Chapter 43: CSS Image Sprites
    1-253Section 43.1: A Basic Implementation
    1-254Chapter 44: Clipping and Masking
    1-255Section 44.1: Clipping and Masking: Overview and Dierence
    1-256Section 44.2: Simple mask that fades an image from solid to transparent
    1-257Section 44.3: Clipping (Circle)
    1-258Section 44.4: Clipping (Polygon)
    1-259Section 44.5: Using masks to cut a hole in the middle of an image
    1-260Section 44.6: Using masks to create images with irregular shapes
    1-261Chapter 45: Fragmentation
    1-262Section 45.1: Media print page-break
    1-263Chapter 46: CSS Object Model (CSSOM)
    1-264Section 46.1: Adding a background-image rule via the CSSOM
    1-265Section 46.2: Introduction
    1-266Chapter 47: Feature Queries
    1-267Section 47.1: Basic @supports usage
    1-268Section 47.2: Chaining feature detections
    1-269Chapter 48: Stacking Context
    1-270Section 48.1: Stacking Context
    1-271Chapter 49: Block Formatting Contexts
    1-272Section 49.1: Using the overflow property with a value dierent to visible
    1-273Chapter 50: Vertical Centering
    1-274Section 50.1: Centering with display: table
    1-275Section 50.2: Centering with Flexbox
    1-276Section 50.3: Centering with Transform
    1-277Section 50.4: Centering Text with Line Height
    1-278Section 50.5: Centering with Position: absolute
    1-279Section 50.6: Centering with pseudo element
    1-280Chapter 51: Object Fit and Placement
    1-281Section 51.1: object-fit
    1-282Chapter 52: CSS design patterns
    1-283Section 52.1: BEM
    1-284Chapter 53: Browser Support & Prefixes
    1-285Section 53.1: Transitions
    1-286Section 53.2: Transform
    1-287Chapter 54: Normalizing Browser Styles
    1-288Section 54.1: normalize.css
    1-289Section 54.2: Approaches and Examples
    1-290Chapter 55: Internet Explorer Hacks
    1-291Section 55.1: Adding Inline Block support to IE6 and IE7
    1-292Section 55.2: High Contrast Mode in Internet Explorer 10 and greater
    1-293Section 55.3: Internet Explorer 6 & Internet Explorer 7 only
    1-294Section 55.4: Internet Explorer 8 only
    1-295Chapter 56: Performance
    1-296Section 56.1: Use transform and opacity to avoid trigger layout
    1-297Credits
    1-298You may also like

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